GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) is a naturally occurring hormone in the body, primarily secreted by the L-cells in the small intestine in response to food intake. It is part of the incretin hormone family, which regulates glucose metabolism and appetite.
Key Functions of GLP-1:
- Stimulates insulin secretion
- Enhances insulin release from the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels.
- Suppresses glucagon secretion
- Reduces the release of glucagon, a hormone that increases blood glucose levels by signaling the liver to release stored glucose.
- Slows gastric emptying
- Delays the rate at which food leaves the stomach, promoting a feeling of fullness (satiety) and reducing food intake.
- Promotes satiety
- Acts on the brain to reduce appetite and food intake, which can aid in weight management.
- Enhances beta-cell function
- Supports the survival and function of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin.
Medical Relevance:
GLP-1 is a major target for diabetes and obesity treatments. Drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic its effects to:
- Improve blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes.
- Aid in weight loss by reducing appetite and food intake.
Common examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists include semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda), and dulaglutide (Trulicity).